What is Sampling?

In sampling, we select a group of individuals from a target population. This group of individuals forms a sample.

Why?

As the population is large (say, all people in the country), it will not be possible to study each individual in the population. To make it manageable, we select individuals that represent the population.

By studying and analyzing this sample, we want to characterize the whole population. In machine learning, all the models we build are based on the analysis of the sample. Then it follows, if we do not select the sample properly, the model will not learn properly.