After engineering, we may roughly split professions in aviation into two categories.
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Industry Based
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Research Based
At the very least, industry-based professions need a Master’s degree. You might focus on materials, electronics, aerospace, or metallurgical engineering. You will work on a specific topic, such as aircraft/spacecraft material, avionics, or design, depending on your specialty. You can also pursue a career as a pilot or a flight engineer.
A Ph.D. is required for research-based jobs in astronomy, exoplanet research, or any other type of aircraft/spacecraft research aimed at improving design or efficiency.