White hat SEO methods, rather than black hat SEO practices, are the greatest approach to avoid Google penalties. Stuffing pages with keywords rather than quality content, generating duplicate material, showcasing irrelevant or weak links, and overlinking with direct keywords are all examples of black hat SEO techniques. If an SEO approach isn’t designed with the user in mind, it’s most certainly a black hat technique, and Google will notice.
Additionally, factors like missed 404 redirect pages, an outdated XML sitemap, and an excessive usage of anchor text may result in your site being punished.