Fibonacci Heap – Insertion and Union

Software Development
#1

Fibonacci Heap is a collection of trees with min-heap or max-heap property. In Fibonacci Heap, trees can have any shape even all trees can be single nodes (This is unlike Binomial Heap where every tree has to be Binomial Tree).
In this article, we will discuss Insertion and Union operation on Fibonacci Heap.

Insertion: To insert a node in a Fibonacci heap H, the following algorithm is followed:

  1. Create a new node ‘x’.
  2. Check whether heap H is empty or not.
  3. If H is empty then:
  • Make x as the only node in the root list.
  • Set H(min) pointer to x.
  1. Else:
  • Insert x into root list and update H(min).

Union: Union of two Fibonacci heaps H1 and H2 can be accomplished as follows:

  1. Join root lists of Fibonacci heaps H1 and H2 and make a single Fibonacci heap H.
  2. If H1(min) < H2(min) then:
  • H(min) = H1(min).
  1. Else:
  • H(min) = H2(min).

Following is a program to demonstrate building and inserting in a Fibonacci heap:

  • C++

// C++ program to demonstrate building

// and inserting in a Fibonacci heap

#include <cstdlib>

#include <iostream>

#include <malloc.h>

using namespace std;

struct node {

node* parent;

node* child;

node* left;

node* right;

int key;

};

// Creating min pointer as "mini"

struct node* mini = NULL;

// Declare an integer for number of nodes in the heap

int no_of_nodes = 0;

// Function to insert a node in heap

void insertion( int val)

{

struct node* new_node = ( struct node*) malloc ( sizeof ( struct node));

new_node->key = val;

new_node->parent = NULL;

new_node->child = NULL;

new_node->left = new_node;

new_node->right = new_node;

if (mini != NULL) {

(mini->left)->right = new_node;

new_node->right = mini;

new_node->left = mini->left;

mini->left = new_node;

if (new_node->key < mini->key)

mini = new_node;

}

else {

mini = new_node;

}

}

// Function to display the heap

void display( struct node* mini)

{

node* ptr = mini;

if (ptr == NULL)

cout << "The Heap is Empty" << endl;

else {

cout << "The root nodes of Heap are: " << endl;

do {

cout << ptr->key;

ptr = ptr->right;

if (ptr != mini) {

cout << "-->" ;

}

} while (ptr != mini && ptr->right != NULL);

cout << endl

<< "The heap has " << no_of_nodes << " nodes" << endl;

}

}

// Function to find min node in the heap

void find_min( struct node* mini)

{

cout << "min of heap is: " << mini->key << endl;

}

// Driver code

int main()

{

no_of_nodes = 7;

insertion(4);

insertion(3);

insertion(7);

insertion(5);

insertion(2);

insertion(1);

insertion(10);

display(mini);

find_min(mini);

return 0;

}

Output:

The root nodes of Heap are: 1–>2–>3–>4–>7–>5–>10 The heap has 7 nodes Min of heap is: 1